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Student teacher interaction and learing outcome
(The University of Peradeniya, 2002-10-30) Wickramarachchi, W. A. R.; Sugathapala, R. D.
In student learning, a variety of theoretical perspectives focus on the contrast between the organizations of knowledge as discrete, serial elements to be remembered and the integration and transformation of knowledge in to a personally constructed meaning full entity. Marton (1975) first made this distinction when he described approaches to learning in terms of either deep or surface processing of information. This conceptualization has led to much further theoretical development (Biggs. 1987: Entwiste, et al. 1991). Biggs (1989, 1982) has developed an interactive system model of teaching and learning map how students' general conception of learning, interact with characteristics in the learning environment to produce learning outcomes. This system has three components: Presage, Process and Product. Presage factors include not only the students characteristics but also the learning context involving teacher and teaching methods. The specific learning strategies that they consequently adopt for that learning task is the process. The product of learning outcome is largely influenced by the strategy adopted and the presage factors. As a presage factors teacher and teaching methods mainly influenced to the learning outcome.
Present study is based on above theoretical perspective. In this study 54 lessons conducted by student teachers who are following the Post Graduate Diploma in Education course were observed by the researches to examine the effects of teaching strategies on students' learning process and product, direct observations and semi structured interviews were conducted for four students from each class. Data were analyzed qualitatively.
From the analyzes of data, some important facts were revealed. On the strength of revealed facts following conclusions were made.
1. Whcn teachers focus strongly on active participation of students and creating a supporting environment, students focused on student-centered aspects of the class.
2. In contrast, when traditional expository teaching methods were used students mainly focused on transmission and reproduction.
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Effect of coconut fat on guinea pig serum lipid composition
(The University of Peradeniya, 2003-10-23) Edirisinghe, E. M. I.; Fernando, P. H. P.; Perera, P. A. J.; Kappagoda, C. T.
Epidemiological studies have shown that there is a highly significant correlation between the daily intake of saturated fat, serum cholesterol, and mortality from coronary heart disease. It has been demonstrated that of the fatty acids investigated, the most hypercholesterolemic was myristic (14:0), followed by palmitic (16:0), lauric (12:0) and stearic acids (18:0), respectively. Hence, nutritionists recommend the limiting of the proportion of energy derived from saturated fat, as a means of reducing the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to find the effect of coconut fat ingestion on serum fatty acid composition, and it's relationship to serum cholesterol level, in an animal model.
Three groups of male Hartley guinea pigs were fed ad lib. With isocaloric diets containing coconut oil, com oil, or coconut/ com oil (1:1) mixture added to the diet at 5 %( w/w). Test diets were prepared according to specific guinea pig requirements by Dyets Inc. Company, Pennsylvania USA. Test diets were fed for a period of 3 months and blood was collected by cardiac puncture after a 14-h fast. Serum cholesterol was analysed using enzymatic colorimetric method. Total fats in the serum were extracted, saponified, acidified and the fatty acids composition was analysed using gas chromatography method. Results were analysed using one-way ANOV A.
Among the fatty acids analysed, myristic and palmitic acids levels in the fasting blood sera were significantly different (p<0.05) in the coconut oil consuming group compared to the other two groups. The highest levels of myristic and palmitic acids, 41.2 ± 9.8 and 22.4 ± 9.1 mg/dl, respectively, were recorded in the coconut oil group. In the com oil group, the values were 22.0 ± 7.5 and 11.1± 3.7 mg/dl respectively. In the group consuming coconut/com oil (1: 1) mixture, the values were 21.4 ± 11.2 and 11.9 ± 4.4 mg/dl respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the com oil and the coconut/com oil (1:1) mixture group. This shows that the cholesterolgenic fatty acid levels in fasting blood sera were significantly higher in the coconut oil consuming group.
Serum cholesterol levels were significantly different (p
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Local changes in contraction related substences in Bovine Oviducts exposed to ovarian steroids and peptides; investigation by in vitro microdiaysis system
(The University of Peradeniya, 2002-10-30) Wijayagunawardane, M. P. B.; Weerathunga, H. A. S. K.
The microenvironment in the oviduct is controled by the endocrine, paracrine and autocrine interactions mediated by ovarian and pituitary hormones as well as by the local oviductal products. Thus, in this study, microdialysis system (MDS) was utilized to investigate the effect of luteinizing hormone (LH), oxytocin (OT) and ovarian steroids (progesterone; P4 and estradiol-l Zp; E2) added to the incubation medium on the local secretion of prostaglandins (pG), endothelin-l (ET-I) and angiotensin II (Ang II).
A 7 em long microdialysis capillary membrane was implanted in to the lumen of the oviducts collected from post ovulatory phase of the estrous cycle, incubated in TCM 199 in simple organ culture chambers, and the system was gently perfused with Ringer's solution. Addition of LH, ET -1 and LH+ET -1 to the incubation medium induced PGE2 release and the highest stimulatory effect on PGE2 secretion was observed with the combination ofLH+ET- l+E2+P4. The administration of LH, ET-l, P4+E2, LH+ET-l, LH+ET-l+ E2+P4 show a stimulatory effect on PGF2a release. LH, LH+ET-l, LH+ET-l+ E2+P4 stimulate ET-l and Ang II releases. ET-l in the incubation medium stimulate it's own release. When OT was added to the incubation medium it hinders the effect of all these stimulations.
The overall results of this study indicated that LH with the E2 and low P4 and/or ET-I bearing the highest stimulatory effect on the production of contraction related substances such as PGE2, PGF2a, ET -1 and Ang II. The administration of OT resulted in an inhibition of the LH stimulated effect on the oviduct. Moreover, the locally produced ET-l acted as an up regulator of it's own secretion.
This results provide further evidences for our previously suggested concept on the regulation of oviductal contraction that the preovulatory LH surge, together with a locally recirculated high level of E2 from the Graafian follicle and basal P4 level from regressing corpus Iuteum (CL) induces the maximum stimulation in the oviductal production of PG and ET-l, resulting in the active oviductal contraction for a rapid transport of gametes. OT released from the newly formed CL may block these mechanisms, thus inhibiting the contraction to secure a slow transport of the embryo to the uterus.
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Association between socio-economic status and demographical factors with health related quality of life in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis attending the Rheumatology clinic of the Colombo South Teaching Hospital
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2016-11-05) Jayawardena, D.B.N.; Hewage, D.C.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent symmetric inflammation of multiple peripheral joints resulting in a considerable impact on patient’s quality of life. The present study was planned to identify the factors which can affect the health related quality of life among the patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are attending the rheumatology clinic of the Colombo South Teaching Hospital. Data were analyzed through SPSS 16.0. Chi square was used to assess the significant association of factors with quality of life and the significant level was kept at p <0.05
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 307 rheumatoid arthritis patients with the mean age of 58 (SD±10.51) and with a male to female ratio of 1:10. Data related to demographic and socio-economic factors were collected through an interviewer administered questionnaire. SF-36 scale (Short Form Health Survey) was used to assess the health related quality of life
According to the analytical results, monthly income (P=0.007), places where medication was taken (P=0.037), number of children (P=0.005), type of water source used (P=0.050), distance to the water source from the house (P=0.008) and availability of a relative to help with the day to day work (P=0.042) showed statistically significant association with health related quality of life among the study participants.
Demographic factors like age, gender, civil status, ethnicity, religion, and socio- economic factors like educational level, occupation, monthly cost for medications, current residence, type of the family, availability of a stair cases in the house, type of toilet used, distance to the toilet, involvement in the cooking and cleaning activities, mode of washing clothes, availability of a supportive device to walk, distance to the hospital, , availability of a person to come to the hospital and availability of an extra funding system other than salary didn’t show significant association with health related quality of life of the study participants ( P>0.05).
The results showed that demographic and socioeconomic factors have a significant impact on the health related quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Line X tester analysis for root characteristics in selected hybrid rice combinations
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2016-11-05) Priyantha, W.S.; Sumanasinghe, V.A.; Dissanayake, D.M.O.K.B.
Twenty five F1 hybrid rice combinations were produced using five Cytoplasmic Male Sterile (CMS) Testers (IR68902A, IR70369A, IR68902A and IR78354A) and, five Restorers (Lines) R147(IR72998-93-3-3-2R), R156(IR73885-1-4-3-2-1-10R), R317(IR183325-66-2-1- NPT), 160(IR75282-58-1-2-3), SN10-2071 following the line x tester mating design. The 25 cross combinations and the ten parents were tested for root traits which have a strong bearing on the final yield in Maha 2014/2015 and Yala 2015 seasons at the Rice Research and Development Institute, Batalagoda, Ibbagamuwa, Sri Lanka. The objective was to study the influence of hybrid combinations on root volume and root dry weight, through Line x Tester analysis.
Analysis of variance for root volume/plant (RV/P) indicated that all the genotypes: parents, lines and crosses were significantly different at 1% probability level. Parents, crosses and lines were significantly different among themselves at 1% probability level for root dry weight per plant (RDW/P) as well. However, testers showed significant differences only at 5% probability level for root dry weight. Three way interaction (Line x Tester x Season) was also found to be significant for root volume and root dry weight at 1% and 5% probability level, respectively.
According to the response curve analysis, in both Yala and Maha seasons, the Tester 30 (IR 78359A) had the highest average performance. Tester 29 (IR 78359)/ Line 3 (IR183325-66-2-1(NPT)) was the best specific hybrid combination for the root volume in both seasons. In the Maha season, performances of different testers with different lines appeared highly unpredictable with respect to root dry weight per plant. However, cross combination [IR68902A/IR75282-58-1-2-3(R160)] was the specific combination which produced high root dry weight per plant. The combination Bg CMS 4A/ line 3 [IR 183325-66-2-19NPT)] was identified as the best combination in Yala season with respect to root dry weight per plant.