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The Role of machine translation and computer- assisted translation tools in global business success: a comprehensive analysis
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2024-08-29) Wanninayake, H.M.L.V.
In today's hyperconnected global economy, businesses face the challenge of overcoming linguistic barriers to effectively communicate and engage with diverse audiences worldwide. Machine Translation (MT) and Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools have emerged as indispensable technologies in facilitating cross-border communication and driving global business success. Globalization has heightened the demand for efficient translation solutions in international business. Yet, the effectiveness of Machine Translation (MT) and Computer- Assisted Translation (CAT) tools in enhancing global business success remains insufficient. This study aims to evaluate the role of machine translation (MT) and computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools in overcoming linguistic barriers, enhancing operational efficiency, and fostering cross-cultural communication within global business. It will analyse their impact in both multinational corporations (MNCs) and small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) across various industries, and identify best practices and challenges related to their adoption and use. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with professionals from MNCs and SMEs engaged in international business activities. The quantitative phase involves the distribution of surveys to gather data on the utilization, perceived effectiveness, and challenges of MT and CAT tools. The qualitative phase comprises in-depth interviews to gain deeper insights into the experiences, strategies, and recommendations of practitioners using these technologies in global business contexts. Initial findings show widespread use of MT and CAT tools in various sectors, aiding in overcoming language barriers, enhancing translation quality, and speeding up localization. Challenges include linguistic accuracy, cultural nuances, and integrating tools into existing workflows. Success requires investing in training, using hybrid approaches of automation and human input, and selecting tools that align with linguistic needs and business goals. In summary, MT and CAT tools are essential for businesses to address global linguistic and cultural challenges. Effective use demands careful consideration of organizational needs, technology, and human input. Strategic adoption can enhance expansion, efficiency, and competitiveness. Recommendations include investing in employee training, adopting hybrid translation approaches for accuracy and cultural sensitivity, regularly evaluating tool performance, and fostering collaboration among language professionals, technology developers, and business stakeholders to tailor solutions to industry needs.
The Effect of cereal based functional beverage on patients with chronic gastritis: a pilot study
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2024-08-29) Perera, M.A.N.A.; Abesinghe, A.H.M.G.B.; Thathsarani, P.H.D.; Chandrasekara, G.A.P.
Chronic gastritis (CG) is a common gastrointestinal condition that can be seen all around the world. It significantly reduces the quality of life (QoL) of its affected individuals. Therefore, this study was aimed at finding the effect of a rice-based beverage on the QoL of CG patients. The beverage was comprised with a traditional red rice variety, “Kuruluthuda”, and soy milk powder as major ingredients. The volunteer participants for this study were recruited after ensuring they are CG patients through a medical screening. The study participants included a convenient sample of 22 young adults. The QoL Instruments for Chronic Diseases-Chronic Gastritis (QLICD-CG) questionnaire was employed in this study as the major data collection tool to measure the changes in QoL of the participants for a period of 10 weeks. The QoL data were gathered weekly for 8 weeks during the beverage consumption as the starting meal for the day and for another 2 weeks after the discontinuation of the beverage consumption. The socio-demographic data of the study group were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire during the baseline data collection. Anthropometry, body composition, psychological stress and 24-hour dietary recall data were gathered during baseline, 4th week and the 8th week during the data collection period. The status of psychological stress was measured using a “Perceived Stress Scale” (PSS). The study results showed that there was a significant improvement in the QoL of the participants after the beverage consumption. The average QoL at the baseline was 54.1% and it increased to 75% at the end of the beverage consumption period. Additionally, the psychological stress of the study participants had an inverse relationship with the QoL. There was no significant difference in the anthropometry and body composition measurements due to the beverage consumption. In conclusion, further research is warranted to investigate the effect of regular consumption of the beverage on the potential of improving the quality of life of patients with chronic gastritis.
Phylogenetic associations of virulence and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic escherichia coli from humans and dogs
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2024-08-29) Kaushalya, R.A.U.; Dewasmika, W.A.P.M.; A.W. Kalupahana,; De.S. Jagoda, S.S.S.; Dissanayake, B.N.; Dissanayake, D. R. A.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a significant health concern. The pathogenicity of UPEC is mediated through plasmid mediated virulence factors which coexist with antimicrobial resistant genes. The association of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance with the phylogenetic background of E. coli isolated from humans and dogs was evaluated in this study. A total of 65 isolates confirmed as E. coli by PCR (human=55, canine=10) were included in the study. Antibiotic susceptibility to 12 antibiotics was determined following EUCAST guidelines. Virulence properties (haemolytic activity, serum resistance, curli fimbriae expression) were assessed using standard procedures, and phylogroups and presence of plasmid-mediated virulence genes, (traT, cvaC, and cdtB) were determined by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 57% of isolates in phylogroup B2, 22% in group E, 12% in group A, and 9.2% in group B1. Phylogroups A, B1, and B2 exhibited over 50% MDR, while only 36% in group E were MDR. Phylogroup-specific antibiotic resistance patterns were observed, with notable resistance rates in phylogroup B1 to clavulanate amoxicillin (83%), B2 to quinolones (86%), and A to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (75%). Serum resistance varied among phylogroups (100%-67%), with all phylogroup A isolates being serum resistant. Hemolysin ability was seen in 26% of isolates, notably higher in phylogroup A. Curli fimbriae expression was prevalent in B2 (89%), B1 (83%), E (71%), and A (69%). The dominant gene was traT, present in over 86% of B2, E, and B1 isolates. CvaC was detected in 4.6% of isolates, while cdtB was absent in all isolates. Antibiotic resistance showed a link to phylogroups and virulence-related factors; serum resistance, curli fimbriae, and traT gene were common in all isolates but high among B2. Further studies with more isolates and other virulent factors are needed to depict the association.
Phylogenetics assessment of two unidentified species of Capparis L. in Sri Lanka
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2024-08-29) Batuwanthudawa, B.G.M.I; Sirimalwatta, V.N.S.; Yakandawala, D.M.D.; Ranawana, K.B.
Capparis L. is a highly diverse genus that has spread across the Old World and belongs to the family Capparaceae. The genus is notable for its nutritional and medicinal values. However, the phylogenetic relationships of most Capparis species remain questionable. According to the Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon (1980), ten Capparis species are recorded in Sri Lanka. They are locally known as Kaluwellangiriya, Wellangiriya, Waldehi (Sinhala), Adonai (Tamil), and Capper (English). Encountering of different morph groups questions the proper identification of the Sri Lankan species. The present study was initiated to address this gap. Morphological and molecular analyses were performed for five Capparis samples found in Sri Lanka, including C. zeylanica, C. brevispina, Kaluwellangiriya 2 (from Royal Botanical Gardens-Peradeniya), C. moonii (from Ritigala), and Kaluwellangiriya 1 (from Kiribathkumbura). The chloroplast gene, matK, was used for molecular phylogenetic analysis. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were performed with IQTree and MrBayes, respectively along with five sequences from NCBI nucleotide database. Nineteen vegetative characters were used in a morphometric analysis where a Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were performed, using PAST4.03. Both CA and PCA analyses gave consistent results. Morphological and molecular clustering were congruent for C. zeylanica, and C. brevispina. The dendrogram clustered C. moonii with Kaluwellangiriya 2 while Kaluwellangiriya 1 stood apart. In contrast, in the molecular analysis, C. moonii and Kaluwellangiriya 1 formed a clade. Inconsistencies were observed in the matK sequences of C. moonii generated for this study from Ritigala, Sri Lanka and the NCBI nucleotide database. This may be due to false identification of the locally collected specimen. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that Kaluwellangiriya 1 and Kaluwellangiriya 2 may represent new or previously undocumented species in Sri Lanka. Further studies are recommended for the precise identification of these species.
Preliminary study on presence of cyanotoxins in relation to the annual variation of water quality parameters in natural water resources in Padaviya, Sri Lanka
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2024-08-29) Dissanayake, K.M.M.K; Hathurusinghe, M.H; Siriwardana, L.I; Edwards, Christine; Lawton, Linda; Palliyil, Soumya; Munasinghe, D.M.S.
Microcystins (MCs) are toxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria that cause liver and kidney damage. They are suspected causative agents of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) which is highly prevalent in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, including Padaviya. We studied the influence of water quality parameters on levels of (MCs). We measured levels of MCs using indirect competitive ELISA and water quality parameters (Ammonium (NH₄⁺), pH, Chloride (Cl-), Nitrate (NO₃⁻), Conductivity, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO)) using ion selective electrodes in three reservoirs and 13 dug-wells across six Grama-niladhari divisions in Padaviya during the two main agricultural seasons: Yala (May–August) and Maha (September–March) in 2022-2023. Sampling was conducted in the months of December, March (Maha) and June, August, (Yala). All MCs levels were under the WHO limit of 1 ppb. Most water sources had MCs concentration below our detection limit of 0.35 ppb, except in certain location during March (Padaviya reservoir 0.64 ppb; six wells, 0.40 to 0.46 ppb). Mean NH₄⁺ levels were higher during Maha (1.96 ± 2.13 mg/L) than Yala (0.82 ± 1.79 mg/L) only three wells showed NH₄⁺ levels below the WHO limit of 0.2 mg/L during Maha. NH₄⁺ levels showed a broad range in both Maha (0.08 to 6.8 mg/L) and Yala (0.15 to 7.25 mg/L). The pH values were well within the WHO standard (6.5 – 8.5 pH) except in Padaviya reservoir (9.04 ± 0.23 pH) during August. Cl- (2 to 166 mg/L) and NO₃⁻ (0.9 to 32 mg/L) levels were below WHO limits of 250 mg/L and 50 mg/L, respectively. Conductivity was higher during Yala (88 to 605 μS/cm) than in Maha (179 to 894 μS/cm), exceeding the WHO limit of 750 μS/cm in some wells. DO levels ranged from 4.6 to 9.7 mg/L. High levels of NH₄⁺ may promote growth of cyanobacteria resulting in the higher levels of MCs seen during March. Quantifying cyanobacteria and studying ecological factors will help in determining the factors that cause cyanobacteria blooms.