iPURSE 2019

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https://ir.lib.pdn.ac.lk/handle/20.500.14444/37

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Browsing iPURSE 2019 by Author "Abeykoon, A. M. S. B."

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    Distribution and clinical profiles of influenza viral infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections in general hospital Kegalle, Sri Lanka
    (University of Peradeniya, 2019-09-12) Rafeek, R. A. M.; Divarathna, M. V. M.; Morel, A. J.; Abeykoon, A. M. S. B.; Noordeen, F.
    Influenza is an important cause of acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI), hospitalization, and mortality in children. This study aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological patterns of influenza infections in children. In this cross-sectional study, nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) of children admitted to General Hospital Kegalle with ARTI from May 2016 to July 2018 were tested for influenza A and B using a commercially available direct immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and subtyped (Inf-A H1N1, Inf-A H3N2 and Inf-A H1N1pdm09) using a multiplex RT-PCR. Clinical data were obtained from bed head tickets (BHTs) and questionnaire provided. Influenza viruses (Inf-V) were identified in 10.75% (54/502) of children, of whom 5.57% (28/502) were positive for influenza A (Inf-A) and 5.17% (26/502) were positive for influenza B (Inf-B). Of the 28 Inf-A positive children, 15 were males and 13 were females. Of the 26 Inf-B positive children, 15 were males and 11 were females. Inf-A & B cases were predominantly (46/54) detected in 6 to 20-month-old children. Of the 28 children infected with Inf-A, 11 were diagnosed with nonspecific lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), 15 had bronchiolitis and 2 had bronchopneumonia. Of the 26 infected with Inf-B, 18 were diagnosed with bronchiolitis, 4 had nonspecific LRTI and 4 had bronchopneumonia. Inf- A circulated throughout the year with a major peak in March 2017. Inf-B circulated throughout the year with a few peaks - one in June and August and from November to December in 2016 and in April 2017. More boys were admitted with ARTI (304/502) compared to girls and viral infection (Respiratory syncytial virus, Parainfluenza virus and Adeno virus) is high among children aged less than 20 months. Majority of children with ARTI infected with influenza were diagnosed with nonspecific LRTI and mild to moderate bronchiolitis. Influenza infections were prevailed throughout the year in the study area of Sri Lanka with variations in the type of the circulating virus.
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    Epidemiological characteristics and viral aetiology in acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in wet and dry zones of Sri Lanka
    (University of Peradeniya, 2019-09-12) Jayaweera, J. A. A. S.; Morel, A. J.; Abeykoon, A. M. S. B.; Pitchai, F. N. N.; Kothalawela, H. S.; Peiris, J. S. M.; Noordeen, F.
    Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is one of the most common illnesses in children. The present study was carried out to identify the epidemiological characteristics including seasonality and viral aetiology associated with childhood ARTIs in Sri Lanka. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) of hospitalized children (1 month - 5 years; n=861) with ARTI were collected in 2 centers from wet and dry zones from March 2013 to August 2014. Respiratory viral antigen detection by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to identify respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3, and Influenza A and B. IFA negative 100 NPA samples were tested for human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus and corona viruses using polymerase chain reaction. Of the 443 (wet zone) and 418 (dry zone) NPAs, 37.2% and 39.4% respectively were positive for one of the seven different respiratory viruses. Viral co-infection was detected between RSV other tested viruses. Peak viral detection was noted in the wet zone from May-July 2013 and 2014 and in the dry zone from December-January 2014 suggesting a local seasonality for viral ARTI. RSV showed a clear seasonality with a direct correlation of monthly RSV infections with rainy days in the wet zone and an inverse correlation with temperature in wet and dry zones. The case fatality ratio was 2.2% for RSV associated ARTI. The overall disability adjusted life years was 335.9 for ARTI and for RSV associated ARTI it was 241.8. RSV was the commonly detected respiratory virus with an annual seasonality and distribution in rainy seasons in the dry and wet zones. All other tested viruses including influenza A (n=19) and B (n=13) were detected in both zones. Several cases of hMPV (n=24) associated ARTI was also detected during the study duration. Identifying the viral aetiology and seasonality would contribute to employ preventive measures.
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    Two years of detection of respiratory syncytial virus and its impact on disease burden and epidemiology in children admitted to a general hospital in Sri Lanka
    (University of Peradeniya, 2019-09-12) Divaratne, M. V. M.; Rafeek, R. A. M.; Abeykoon, A. M. S. B.; Morel, A. J.; Noordeen, F.
    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is one of the most important causes of childhood hospitalization in Sri Lanka. In this study, we collected demographic and clinical data and nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples from children with suspected ARTI from March 2016 to July 2018 in the paediatric wards of the General Hospital, Kegalle. The study sampled children less than 5 years of age with ≤4 days history of ARTI. Climatic data of the Kegalle region within the study period was obtained from World Weather Online API (application programming interface). Statistical Analysis was performed using chi square test and correlation coefficient formula of the SPSS version 20. A direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) was used in this study due to its rapidity and simplicity. DFA was performed on the NPA using a seven-valent immune flurescence assay, which detects seven viruses, including RSV, influenza A and B, parainfluenza virus (PIV) -1, -2 and -3 and adenovirus using fluorescence labeled antibodies directed against these viruses. From a total of 502 hospitalized children, 237 were positive for any of the seven viruses (47.21%) including RSV. Out of the virus positive children, RSV was the most predominant virus detected (140/237, 59.07%). Out of the co-infected children, RSV had the highest co-infection rate (85.71%, 24/28). Male sex (M:F= 1.8:1), first year of life (72.13%) appear to associate with RSV infection, however, it was not statistically significant. RSV activity positively correlated with rainfall, temperature, humidity and wind speed. Mild to moderate bronchiolitis, pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infection were frequently diagnosed in RSV mono- and co-infections. Prevalence, seasonal patterns and diagnosis, age and gender distributions of RSV infections agreed with those reported elsewhere. This study provides detailed information on RSV epidemiology in the study area and this might be useful in planning prevention and control strategies in the country.