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Browsing iPURSE by Author "Himali, S. M. C."
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- ItemEffect of Substituting Calf Milk Replacer with Porcine Whole Blood on the Growth and Performance of Bull Calves(University of Peradeniya , Sri Lanka, 2014-07-04) Wijetunge, W. M. G. I. S. L.; Himali, S. M. C.; Senavirathna, N. G.; Cyril, H. W.; Vidanarachchi, J. K.; Randheera, C. S.Most of the calves in the commercial farms are fed with milk replacer during their liquid feeding period. As an alternative low cost protein ingredient, porcine whole blood was evaluated by substituting as a possible calf milk replacer. Twelve (12) male Holstein-Friesian calves (weight 40±5 kg and 21±10-day old) were used for the experiment. The study period was 42 days. After adaptation period of seven days, calves were assigned randomly for three groups. The control group of calves was fed with100% calf milk replacer, while the other two groups were fed with milk replacer substituted with 10% whole blood and 15% whole blood. The animals were fed with 4 L and 3 L of milk replacer/milk replacer containing whole blood per day in the first month and for the rest of the research period respectively. All other management practices were performed similarly for all the calves used in the experiment. Daily intakes, rectal emperature and fecal consistencies of each animal were recorded. Body weight, heart girth, body length, skinfold thickness were measured weekly. Daily intake of milk replacer/milk replacer substituted with blood was the same for all calves throughout the experiment period. Body weight gain/week, heart girth, body length, skinfold thickness were analyzed as repeated measures ANOVA using the Mixed Procedure of SAS. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the body weight gain (2.5±0.6kg/week), heart girth (85±5 cm), body length (68±5 cm) and skinfold thickness (1.090±0.2cm), concentrate intake (3±1.9 kg/week) among the treatments. The result of this experiment demonstrates that 10% and 15% of calf milk replacer can be successfully substituted by porcine whole blood. The findings suggest the possibility of using whole blood of pigs obtained as a slaughterhouse by-product to reduce the cost of feed in rearing calves.
- ItemMultimineral fortification of chicken egg by supplementing sodium selenite, ferrous sulphate and zinc sulphate(University of Peradeniya, 2019-09-12) Pushpamali, R. M. D.; Gunawardene, M.; Samarasinghe, K.; Chandrajith, R.; Himali, S. M. C.The fortification of eggs can be used to alleviate micronutrients deficiencies in humans successfully. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of Sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃), Ferrous sulphate (FeSO₄) and Zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄) incorporated diet on Selenium (Se), Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) concentrations of eggs, egg quality and productivity traits of layers. The dietary treatments were basal diet and basal diet plus Na₂SeO₃, FeSO₄ and ZnSO₄ with the concentrations of Se 0.3 mg/kg, Fe 120 mg/kg and Zn 150 mg/kg. Concentrations of Se, Fe and Zn in egg samples were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The Haugh unit, shape index, yolk index, egg weight, eggshell strength, air cell depth, shell thickness and yolk color were measured weekly and a sensory evaluation of hard boiled eggs was carried out. Supplementation of minerals increased Se and Zn concentration in egg white by 28.6% and 50.9% (P<0.05) respectively. Fe concentration in egg yolk was increased by 15.7% (P<0.05). Feed intake/hen/day, egg production/hen/week and feed conversion ratio/kg eggs were not significantly different among the treatment and control (P>0.05). Egg quality characteristics showed a positive improvement, but with no statistically significant difference compared to the control group (P>0.05). Mineral supplemented diet markedly increased (P<0.05) egg weight and egg white weight than the control. Higher consumer preference was recorded to the yolk color (P>0.05) of mineral fortified eggs than the control. Mineral supplemented diet with Na₂SeO₃ (0.3 mg/kg), FeSO₄ (120 mg/kg) and ZnSO₄ (150 mg/kg) can be recommended to fortification of eggs with Se, Fe and Zn successfully and, it results positive improvements in egg quality. The egg production parameters are not affected by the fortification concentrations and combination used in the current study.
- ItemNanotechnology in fish odour removal applications: use of novel titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysis and activated carbon filtration(University of Peradeniya, 2019-09-12) Kodikara, K. C. T.; Vidanarachchi, J. K.; Gunawardana, M.; Hettiarachchi, N.; Himali, S. M. C.; Basnayake, B. F. A.Global demand for quality, nontoxic healthy food is increasing day-to-day. Specifically in perishable commodities, superiority of food is an important purchasing cue. As far as superiority of food is concerned, odour plays a major role. Amongst the perishables, fish is identified as a densely odorous food. Fish odour occurs due to the Trimethylamine produced by bacteria. Which could occur in both fish storage facilities and fish distribution centres. The present study presents a promising nano-technological application of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalysis combined with an activated carbon filtration to remediate the odour problem in fish storage facilities. A reactor was developed with Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) and TiO₂ coated glass fibre. The reactor was exposed to a control environment by installing a fabricated confined simulation chamber. Practical conditions were facilitated with contaminated air circulation of the chiller (0-4°C) through the reactor. Total airborne bacterial count in the fish storage environment and Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N) of fish samples were analysed. A sensory test was carried out after the reactor operations to check the fish quality using the quality index method (QIM). The exponential growth of cumulative airborne microbial bacteria counts was reduced at average bacterial reduction efficiency of (p<0.05) 60% with the photocatalytic reactor and it was exponentially decreased (p<0.05) by 84% when introduced the activated carbon filter into the reactor. The airborne bacterial counts removal efficiency (p<0.05) were 91% and 99% with TiO₂ and activated carbon, respectively. The TVB-N production in the fish samples were reduced (p<0.05) with the photocatalytic reactor and with the activated carbon filter after continuous reactor operation. The study reveals that there is a very high possibility to introduce TiO₂ photocatalytic technique combined with activated carbon filtration as a tool to reduce the airborne bacterial counts in fish storage environment and odour removal in fish storage facilities.