Do rituals violate the rights of the mentally ill patient?

Abstract

This study examines the ethical, medico-legal, and human rights challenges associated with ritualistic management practices for psychiatric patients in Sri Lanka. Health-seeking behaviors in Sri Lanka are heavily influenced by traditional practices and cultural beliefs, with many patients seeking ritualistic treatments before resorting to allopathic care. These rituals, which range from physically demanding procedures like walking on live charcoal to more subtle practices such as the use of charms, are often performed without proper consent and can result in significant physical and emotional harm. The study highlights cases where patients have been subjected to abusive rituals, including forced physical restraints and harmful practices carried out by ritualistic healers, sometimes with the family’s proxy consent. The lack of regulatory oversight and legal frameworks governing these practices exacerbates the risk of patient rights violations. The article further explores the issues surrounding informed consent, patient autonomy, and the consequences of neglecting medical treatment. It calls for legislative and policy reforms to ensure better protection of patients' rights, while also considering cultural values and beliefs. By advocating for a more integrated approach, the study emphasizes the need for collaboration between ritualistic healers and medical professionals to create a balanced, safe, and culturally sensitive healthcare system for psychiatric patients in Sri Lanka.