Drowning associated diatoms in Sri Lanka

Abstract

This study aims to identify drowning-associated diatoms (DADs) in suspected drowning cases in Sri Lanka, as diatom analysis can help distinguish drowning from other causes of death. Thirty-five tissue samples from drowning victims, including lungs, kidneys, and bone marrow, were analyzed using the nitric acid digestion and centrifuge method. The most frequently identified genus was Cyclotella, followed by Navicula and Nitzschia, with additional genera such as Frustulia , Gomphonema, Pinnularia, Cymbella, and Cocconeis also detected. The shape, size, and flexibility of the diatom cell wall influence its ability to penetrate lung tissues and enter the bloodstream. While diatom presence in tissues can indicate drowning, it is important to consider the potential for diatoms to be present in the body under normal conditions, particularly in those who drink untreated water. This study documents the common diatom genera associated with drowning in Sri Lanka, providing valuable forensic insight for future investigations.