Morpho-molecular confirmation of Ganoderma sichuanense (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) from Sri Lanka

Abstract

Ganoderma, a globally distributed genus of wood-decaying fungi, is a significant contributor to the global economy. Known as bracket or shelf fungi, Ganoderma species belong to the family Ganodermataceae and order Polyporales. It has been used medicinally in Asia for over 2,000 years and is now industrially cultivated, making a substantial economic impact primarily due to its medicinal benefits rather than its nutritional value. They are not classified as edible mushrooms due to their thick, corky, and rigid fruiting bodies. Despite the rich biodiversity of Sri Lanka, the diversity of Ganoderma species has yet to be comprehensively recognized. Accurate identification of wild mushrooms is crucial for understanding their biodiversity and ecological functions. This study aimed to bridge this gap by identifying and recording new Ganoderma species in Sri Lanka. Field surveys were conducted in Kandy District to collect specimens, which were then subjected to detailed macroscopic and microscopic examinations. The molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence of Ganoderma species was employed to ensure accurate species identification. The results of the phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of G. sichuanense in Sri Lanka, a species known for its medicinal properties. Although several publications have mentioned the presence of G. sichuanense in Sri Lanka, this is the first report with a complete description and phylogenetic analysis of the species. Identifying the Ganoderma species enhances the understanding of the fungal biodiversity of Sri Lanka. This finding underscores the rich fungal biodiversity on the island and provides the foundation for future studies on their ecological roles and medicinal potentials.