PURSE 1998

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https://ir.lib.pdn.ac.lk/handle/20.500.14444/45

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Victims of political violence in the Hambantota District: a case study of Angunakola Palassa
(University of Peradeniya, 1998-11-07) Samaranayake, G.
Political violence has been a vital issue in the body politics of Sri Lanka since the early 1970s. There have been two patterns of political violence one involving the Sinhalease youth and the other Tamil youth. The first is the left-wing political violence with a view to establishing an egalitarian society of the socialist time. The second is the Tamil ethnic insurgency with a view to establishing a separate Tamil estate popularity known as the 'Eelam' state, comprising of the Northern and Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. A noteworthy feature of these two patterns of political violence is that civilience have become the targets of the strategy of both political violence and counter- violence by the government to crush the former. As a result, causalities or victims among civilience are higher than members of the armed groups and government force. Although much has been written on such violence, there is dearth of series writing probing into the causes of such violence. For example, there is no systematic study of the impact of political violence on civilience in the country apart from monitoring the result and displacement and migration of people.
Treatment of industrial effluents by natural susbstances.
(University of Peradeniya, 1998-11-07) Priyantha, Namal
Rapid growth of industrialization has caused serious environmental problems resulting in contamination of water resources with organic and inorganic pollutants. Consequently, increase in the levels of pollution parameters, such as suspended matter, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), heavy metals, nitrates and phosphates, would result in. Effective treatment of industrial effluent which would decrease these levels below the tolerance limits would therefore be of great importance. It is desirable that treatment methods be economical and environmentally friendly, to be practiced in developing countries. Naturally available substances such as dolomite, different types of clay (burnt brick, ball-clay, kaolinite, etc.), saw-dust, feldspar and laterite have become attractive in this regard. Treatment of laboratory prepared solutions, with added pollutants with the above stated natural substances, in beakers (static condition) indicates that ions of many heavy metals (chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead) can effectively be removed by clay-based substances, feldspar, laterite and saw-dust. More importantly, some of these metals are removed to undetectable levels by some substances. Phosphates and sulfates are removed by dolomite and feldspar, respectively. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is also decreased significantly by many of these substances. Efficiency of removal can be maintained at levels similar to those determined under static condition, when laboratory prepared samples are passed through glass columns packed with each substance (dynamic condition). Extension of this technology for treatment of effluents collected at brewery, ceramic, soft-drink and garment industries produces satisfactory results. However, the efficiency of removal of many pollutants is less as compared to laboratory prepared solutions due to interference problems. Improvement of the efficiency of the treatment process by employing mixtures of substances packed in filters will be the next logical step of this research.
Technologies for global information infrastructure
(University of Peradeniya, 1998-11-07) Muthukkumarasamy, V.
The building of Information Infrastructure is almost changing the mission of communication engineering. The world needs better ways of finding and sharing information. The information that people want has not readily available online and low- cost multimedia communication has been available only in rudimentary forms. Differences between telecommunication networks and computer networks are being marginalised. Many activities have been directed towards achieving Global Information Infrastructure (011) and National Information Infrastructure (NIl) based on the consensus reached. As the demand for new applications, which require very high speed data transfer mechanism and large scale integrated networks, increases dramatically the performance of conventional equipment, network architecture and the telecommunication network management techniques need to be critically evaluated. The objective of this article is to examine the wide range of networking technologies available and to compare their performances using different performance measures. The scope of technologies include Ethernet, Frame Relay, xDSL, Gigabit Ethernet, ATM Cell Relay / B-ISDN. Variety of networks using transmission media ranging from dial-up lines, leased lines, microwave links, optical fibre, and wireless mobile links are considered. The study highlights issues such as interoperability, quality of service (QoS), reliability, BER, guaranteed QoS of different technologies and their application support for real time and non-real time systems including standard datacom services, multimedia communication, MPE02 live video, super high definition image systems and voice over IP. Due to continuous advancement in technologies, fast growing demand for wide ranging new services, all confusing claims by competitive marketing personal for their products and changing attitudes of the telecommunity world over, it becomes difficult for the netrnanagers to decide what to order and what to expect. They not only have to evaluate the performance and suitability of the various available technologies for their current needs but also have to forecast almost imaginatively the possible future trends in OIl and NIl for their strategic planning and deployment of information infrastructure.
Verrucous carcinoma in the oral cavity
(University of Peradeniya, 1998-11-07) Baheerathan, N. N.; Mendis, B. R. R.; Amemiya, A.
The verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a distinct variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It has low grade malignancy, slow growth and low metastatic potential. VC is chiefly exophytic. However VC can invade and destroy oral tissues including bone. Although it has been reported in other sites such as larynx and genitalia, the tumour is most frequently found in the oral cavity. As VC runs a relatively benign course, it could be effectively treated surgically and is prognostically favourable. Thirty-eighty cases ofVC of the oral cavity were reviewed for their clinical and histopathological characteristics. Data for this study was gathered from specimens available at the Department of Pathology at the Faculty of Dental Sciences from 1978 to 1998. All biopsies diagnosed histopathologically as VC was reviewed by using the histologic criteria defined by Ackerman in 1948. The criteria are: 1) Papillary or verrucous projections on the surface 2) No connective tissue invasion at the basement membrane zone 3) Mild or no dysplasia of the epithelium 4) Parakeratin or orthokeratin plugging on the surface 5) A broad and advancing front of the lesion into the subjacent connective tissue and 6) A chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate in the connective tissue, mainly lymphocytes and plasma cells. The cases which did not meet the above histopathologic criteria were eliminated.Clinical data were collected from the submitted biopsy request forms. The tumour occurred chiefly in older patients ( age range from 15 to 76 years,mean age 54.3) and more often in males than in females (32 males- 84.2% and 5 females-13.15%) The sex of one patient (2.65%)was not available. The site of lesion was known only in 19 patients. The most common site of occurrence was the buccal mucosa (10 cases). Macroscopic appearance of lesion was reported as either exophytic or warty and white. All the cases showed marked epithelial thickening with series of irregular papillary projections .All the biopsies showed broad rete ridges .These rete ridges showed no evidence of invasion at the connective tissue interface and basement membrane was intact.71.1% (27) of the cases showed no epithelial dysplasia and 28.9% (II) of biopsies showed mild epithelial dysplasia .Moderate to intense inflammatory cells infiltration was present in 84.2% (32)of cases, predominantly lymphocytes.Less intense inflammatory cells present in 15.8%(6) of cases.In 94.8%(36) of the cases,keratin plugging was present but the absence of keratin plugging did not exclude our diagnosis of VC
A survey of calf management practices among farmers in mid-country dairy production system
(University of Peradeniya, 1998-11-07) Abeygunawardena, I. S.
Calf management stands out to be one of the key determinants of success of dairy fanning. Calf survival, prepubertal growth, postpartum fertility and total milk available for sale and hence the profitability of the farm operation very much depends on the method of suckling of calves that the fanner adopts in the farm. A field survey, therefore was conducted to determine the prevalent calf suckling management practices among fanners in mid-country dairy production system as a prelude to a long term investigation into the effects of various calf rearing methods on the above aspects. Two hundred smallholder farms were selected randomly and a field survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect data on calf management practices. Results of the study have shown that 53.0% and 46.5% farmers practiced intensive and semi- intensive management systems, respectively. Extensive management was practiced by 1.5% of the fanners. Almost all the fanners were aware of the value of colostrum feeding. Limited suckling by calves was practiced by 96.4% farmers while zero suckling was practiced by 2.0% of the fanners. The remainder (1.6%) practiced ad- libitum suckling. Within the limited sucking group, 17.0% and 83.0% of calves were allowed to suckle the mothers once and twice a day, respectively. Within this group further differences were found as regard to the method of suckling. Fifty one percent of the fanners left milk in one full quarter for the calf and milked the other three quarters completely while 49.0% farmers milked all four quarters and left the residual milk for the calf. There were also differences as regard to time of suckling; 44.2% allowed both pre-and post-milking suckling and 53.8% allowed only post-milking suckling. the remainder (2.0%) practiced only pre-milking suckling. The average age at weaning was 26.2+ 12.62 weeks.

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