PGIHS-RC 2019
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- ItemReproductive health challenges confronted by newly married women: A sociological study based on the Nintavur MOH division(University of Peradeniya, 2019-03-29) Lumna, N.Reproductive health is important for people to have a responsible, satisfying and safe sex life and to have the capability to reproduce and to have flexibility and freedom within the decision making process (WHO). Further, reproductive health provides the right of men and women to be informed of and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of fertility regulation of their choice, and the right of access to appropriate health care services that will enable women to go safely through pregnancy and childbirth and provide couples with the best chance of having a healthy infant. Up to three-fifths of adolescent women aged 15–19 in South Asia and Sub- Saharan Africa are married. Marriage commonly marks the point in a woman‘s life when childbearing becomes socially acceptable. In some cultures, women face extreme pressure to demonstrate their fertility soon after marriage. This study explores the types of reproductive health challenges confronted by newly married women in the study area. The main objective of this research is to identify reproductive health challenges of newly married women. The primary and secondary data have been collected for this study. Interviews and focus group discussions were employed to collect primary data. 50 newly married women (from January 2018 to December 2018) were selected using the purposive sampling method. As secondary data, books, magazines, essays, statistical reports, and electronic sources were used. This study found that initially the newly married women were reluctant to reveal their RH problems. Newly married females list a number of problems that are important for women to be aware of before marriage, such as sexual intercourse; sexual relationships; hygiene; dealing with bleeding; developing mutual understanding and consideration; dealing with sexual embarrassment and nervousness between partners; procedures and benefits of premarital examinations, and family planning.
- ItemImpact of attitudes of muslim women toward employment: A study based on Balangoda urban area(University of Peradeniya, 2019-03-29) Sabrina, B.F.Attitudes play a crucial role in determining human behavior. Among Muslim women, it is evident that their attitudes are shaped by several factors including the Islamic doctrine and norms related to social institutions, the social environment, the level of education and exposure to outside world. Regarding the employment of Muslim women, both internal and external factors have an unavoidable influence. The attitude of Muslim women is one of the strong internal driving forces that lead them to take decisions regarding employment. Therefore, the broad objective of this study was to identify the attitudes of Muslim women and to analyze how they influence their choices of employment. The qualitative research approach was applied in this empirical study, which was conducted in the Balangoda urban area. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 15 respondents from three different categories. Accordingly, respondents represented the categories of Muslim female students following higher education, Muslim working women, and Muslim housewives. The data collection was done using in-depth interviews, and the collected data were analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that Muslim women have both positive and negative attitudes towards employment. These women have developed a strong desire to work outside their homes, which highlights a progress in their attitude. Yet, the study revealed that the stereotypical ideas that they possess, the extent to which the Hijab is permitted, the distance from workplace to their homes, security problems, fear and hesitance to deal with other ethnic communities and the reluctance to challenge the existing principles in society regarding employment have a strong impact on their employment choices. It can be concluded that the attitudes of Muslim women have a strong impact on their career choices. It was found that the positive attitudes of women towards working outside their homes has increased. However, the negative attitudes have imposed limitations on their employment choices. Some Muslim women have limited their choices to narrow fields such as teaching, thus hiding their true potential. The Hijab and the cultural dress code also play a major role in determining employment choices of women. Consequently, some Muslim women‘s workplace participation becomes limited to a narrow field. Some women were unable do a paid job outside their homes. Therefore, in addition to addressing the external factors in society, the attitudes of Muslim women towards employment need to be paid attention to in improving the situation with regard to the participation of Muslim women in the workforce.
- ItemDeterminants of performance of services rendered by technical staff of Ceylon electricity board: The case of the Peradeniya region(University of Peradeniya, 2019-03-29) Karunarathna, KeneshaElectricity Customer Service Centres of Ceylon Electricity Board constitute the serviceoriented sector within the establishment that is responsible for providing new electricity connections to retail and heavy supply customers, attending to breakdowns and power supply failures, and carrying out maintenance work. Over the years, Electricity Customer Service Centres have been criticized for their inefficiency, ineffectiveness, and poor performance. The electricity customers in the Peradeniya Region frequently experience power failures. Attending to breakdowns and restoring power supply is often delayed. There are significant delays in attending to many complaints, while the average restoration time exceeds the expected time period. Hence it has been a burden and challenge for the management of Electricity Customer Service Centres to overcome this situation in order to attain service excellence. The main objective of the research study was to identify the determinants of performance of the technical staff in the Electricity Customer Service Centre of Ceylon Electricity Board in the Peradeniya Region and to analyze the relationship between performance and predicted determinants/variables. The predicted variables were formulated as training, supervision, resource allocation, and job insecurity, which are the independent variables of the study, while employee performance was identified as the dependent variable. The sample population of the study included the technical staff of the Electricity Customer Service Centre of the Peradeniya Region. Quantitative data were derived from a self-administered questionnaire with open ended questions, while secondary data were collected from employee performance reports and analytical information from the Area Office. The relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable were tested using the statistical tools of Central Tendency Analysis and Pearson‘s Correlation Analysis. According to Central Tendency Analysis, the technical staff disagree that effective training is conducted by the Ceylon Electricity Board, that they are successfully supervised by their supervisors, that they have adequate resource allocations and that they enjoy job security. The Pearson‘s Correlation Analysis indicated that there is a positive linear relationship between training, supervision, and resource allocation with employee performance, and a negative correlation between job insecurity and employee performance. Moreover, training and employee performance bore a marked degree of correlation, supervision and employee performance bore a moderate degree of correlation, resource allocation and employee performance bore a low degree of correlation, and job insecurity and employee performance bore a negligible correlation. Therefore, it was reliably concluded that the Electricity Customer Service Centres of the Peradeniya Region experience poor performance due to ineffective training, unproductive supervision, and inadequate resource allocation.
- ItemSocial and behavioral factors affecting injecting drug users (IDUs)(University of Peradeniya, 2019-03-29) Darshana, A.T.; Senanayake, BhadraniHeroin users basically use two methods for drug administration in Sri Lanka. The majority of them use the 'Chinese' method, while the others use the injection method. The Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) are not widely scattered all over the island; they are largely limited to Colombo and the coastal areas. There is a possibility of spreading blood borne infections including HIV/AIDS due to the sharing of needles. The objective of this study was to identify the behavioural traits, economic ties and social bonds of IDUs. A survey was conducted with a non-probable sample of 721 IDUs. In Addition to the survey, in-depth interviews and observations were used to identify the behaviour of IDUs. It was revealed that most of the IDUs followed unsafe injecting practices, including the reuse of needles (50%) and sharing the injecting equipment with peers (44%). When considering the behavioural patterns of the sample, 210 (29%) injected drugs alone and a majority of 500 (69%) injected drugs with friends. There was an interrelationship between the initiation of drug injection and behavioural patterns of drug injection. Most of the IDUs initiated drug injection due to peer pressure and thereafter they have started injecting drugs with peers. The price of a heroin pack or other types of tablets fluctuates, and when the price is high many IDUs cannot afford them. The average cost of drug injection per occasion was Rs. 1,010. As an alternative, some users buy drugs jointly and then share it. There are strong bonds among drug users; users help each other and enjoy different events together. IDUs get into sharing practices due to peer pressure, the influence of group norms and the lack of resources within the group. The survey findings conclude that drug using peers share common behavioral traits; mutual economic ties and social bonds.
- ItemThe psychology behind social work and how it should be processed? An intended systematic review(University of Peradeniya, 2019-03-29) Bulathwatta, B.D.A.D.N.Psychology is the subject that studies the human mind and behaviour. Social work is the subject related to society and social wellbeing. There is a general discrepancy between these two subjects. However, both Psychology and Social Work developed their core subjects with a focus on the human being as a unique organism and as the foundational first unit. The bottom-lines of the subjects are interrelated. There are different principles, which have a Psychological background such as the Psychoanalysis' explanation of deviate social behaviour based on individual personality characteristics. Germain and Gitterman (1980, 1996) explain the life model of social work in a contextual manner in which it leads to the larger social context and its matter of resulting psychological haphazards and rehabilitation process within the social framework. The social work theory textbook by Payne (2005) explains the social work context with a focus on the psychology behind it. Society and its complexity cause numerous social dilemmas. Clinical social work is also a popular application of social work at present where people get help in a clinical setting. A Country like ours can integrate clinical social work with midwifery activities with a proper background knowledge of psychological aspects involved. There are certain psychosocial damages experienced by people that can recover or get worse due to the lack of individual resilience capacities and social support systems, within the social context in which they live. Social work in this context plays a role as a social support system. It can encourage people‘s wealth and wellbeing at the same time, and it can facilitate people‘s capacity for positive growth. This systematic review intends to figure out the psychology behind helping people in different social contexts. Why is social work needed? What does it mean in terms of the psychological point of view? How social work can be facilitated by Psychology? How social work can use psychology in the rehabilitation process? Numerous theories have been formulated in this regard. The present systematic review is primarily based on the psychodynamic approach highlighting the larger social context, child rearing in the social issues, and consideration of personality differences in social work.