iPURSE 2021

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ir.lib.pdn.ac.lk/handle/20.500.14444/35

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Perceived sleep quality and predictiveness of sleep quality among shift working nursing officers in two government hospitals, Sri Lanka
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Nawarathne, L.C.; Amarasekara, A.A.T.D.
Current research studies have revealed and defined various key determinants of sleep quality, that measure sleep quality of an individual instead considering the quantity, an individual actually slept. Major sleep/ wake imbalance and, ultimately, poorly dealt sleep deprivation occurs due to compulsory shiftwork that is being carried out in the healthcare sector. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted through self-administered questionnaires, profiling demographic data and assessing Global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores; cumulative scores of PSQI components indicating perceived sleep quality, among shift working nursing officers in two selected government hospitals. Correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics were run using SPSS version 25.0. Ethical approval and permission to conduct the study was gained from Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenpura (Nur/13/19), Colombo South Teaching Hospital (Application number 792), and Homagama Base hospital. Participants reported a mean age of 33±7, majority (95%) being females, worked maximum 12 shifts with a mean 8 (SD ±2) shifts per average week. Mean values reported in two of seven PSQI components; sleep duration (1.07±0.85) and sleep disturbances (1.00±0.63), were comparatively high, where 60.9% gained a Global PSQI score ≥ 5, indicating poor sleep quality. Predictiveness of each PSQI component towards Global PSQI score was not significant for all the models analyzed. However, a significant correlation was evident (r = 0.14, p = 0.01) between total shifts reported per average week and the Global PSQI score. Studies are recommended in evaluating staffing strategies and policies related to shift work as well as exploring the aspects of employee turnover related to nurses‘ sleep quality, due to the majority reporting poor sleep quality. A more definite picture of sleep quality by actigraphy is warranted among nurses, as the current study was limited to PSQI, a self- evaluation.
A Review of erandadi nasa sheka (herbal nasal spray) in the management of nasal polyps
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Gayashani, K.A.T.K.; Dahanayake, J.N.; De Silva, L.D.R.
Nasal polyps are mucosal lesions of the nasal or paranasal sinuses with a prevalence of 1% - 4% globally. Erandadi nasa sheka (herbal nasal spray) (ENS) is a traditional Sri Lankan modified herbal nasal spray used to manage nasal polyps without any reported adverse effects. The aim of the present study was to review the Ayurveda pharmacodynamics, Ayurveda and Modern pharmacological attributes of the ingredients of the ENS to find the effectiveness of the formula. Data were collected from Ayurveda, modern and traditional classics, databases as PubMed, Google scholar and index journals up to 2020 with specific key words. The retrieved data were tabulated and analyzed accordingly. The herbal ingredients of ENS are Ricinus communis, Asparagus racemosus,Madhuca longifolia, Embelia ribes, Cassia tora, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Zingiber officinale, Alpinia calcarata, Elephantopus scaber, Sahindhava lavana (rock salt). According to the results Madhura rasa (sweet taste) (33.33%), Katu rasa (pungent taste) (22.22%) and Kashaya rasa (astringent taste) (22.22%) were prominent which pacify the vitiated Vata and Kapha dosha of the nasal mucosa, relieving redness, oedema and congestion. The most prominent qualities were Laghu guna (lightness) and Snigdha guna (unctuousness) which reduce the size of nasal polyp which in turn cure dyspnoea. Anti-inflammatory property (16.98%) was prominent among the ingredients, relieving the inflammatory features of nasal polyposis, while analgesics (11.32%), antioxidant (13.21%) properties of the ingredients accelerate the healing process. The antitumor action was 5.66% which is a key factor in decreasing the size of the nasal polyp with curing the difficulty in breathing. Thus Ayurveda pharmacodynamics, Ayurveda and modern pharmacological attributes of the ingredients of the Erandadi nasa sheka (herbal nasal spray) hypothetically proved the efficacy in managing nasal polyps successfully.
Review of Madhuyashtikadi anjana (herbal eye liner) used in the management of timira (Ametropia)
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Silva, M.A.P.H.; Dahanayake, J.N.; De Silva, L.D.R.
Visual impairment is a major health problem globally according to the WHO. The abnormal optical system causes visual impairment which is compared with Timira (Ametropia / refractive errors). Madhuyashtikadi anjana (MA) is a modified herbal Anjana (herbal eye liner) used in Sri Lankan Traditional Ophthalmology for a long period without reported toxic effects. The present study was focused to logically analyze the effectiveness of MA considering the Ayurveda pharmacodynamics and the modern pharmacological attributes. The literature was searched in authentic Ayurveda, modern, traditional texts, index journals and databases such as Pub Med, Medline and Google scholar with specific key words. The data were tabulated and analyzed by percentage. MA consists of nine ingredients viz. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Piper nigrum, Piper longum, Symplocos racemosa, Coscinium fenestratum, Curcuma longa, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica and Phyllanthus emblica. The prominent Dosha karma was Kapha Vata shamaka (44.4%) which clears the channels of the eye thus, enhance normal vision. The ingredients possess Katu rasa (pungent) (30%), Kashaya rasa (astringent) (25%), Tikta rasa (bitter) (20%), Madhura rasa (sweet) (15%) which collectively mitigate the abnormal eye function. The Shita virya (cold potency) was prominent (55.5%) which pacify the provoked Pitta dosha due to the cooling effect and maintains normal visual acuity. The most prominent Guna karma are Chakshushya (promote healthy vision) and Balya (strength) which consecutively improves the vision and strengthen the eye muscles, nerves and vessels. The herbal ingredients are possessed with the antioxidant property where the eye gain normal color, movements and vision. Considering the Ayurveda pharmacodynamic properties, Ayurveda and modern pharmacological attributes of the ingredients of MA, it is capable of managing Timira (Ametropia) effectively which will be beneficial for the patients. Further it is a need to conduct clinical trials to prove the effectiveness of Madhuyashtikadi anjana in managing Ametropia.
Effectiveness of karanjadi dhuma varti (medicinal smoking stick) in the management of peenasa (Allergic Rhinitis) – a review
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Subasinghe, M.D.S.S.; Kodituwakku, N.D.; De Silva, L.D.R.
Peenasa which can be compared with allergic rhinitis, is a disease mentioned in both Ayurveda and Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine with the clinical features of excessive sneezing, especially in the morning or on exposure to cold weather or dust. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is approximately 10 to 30% of adults and 40% of children globally. The aim of the study is to logically find the effectiveness of Karanjadi dhuma varti (KDV): modified herbal smoking stick considering the Ayurveda pharmacodynamic properties, pharmacological activities and modern pharmacological attributes of the formula. The ingredients of KDV are Pongamia pinnnata, Caesalpinia bonduc, Madhuca longifolia, Coscinium fenestratum, Curcuma longa, Acorus calamus, Nigella sativa, Ferula asafetida, Apium graveolens, Cedrus deodara, Santalum album, Aquilaria agallocha, Ricinus communis and Cinnamomum camphora. The review was conducted by utilizing Ayurveda and modern texts, index journals and data bases as Pub med, Google scholar. The observations were recorded accordingly, and the results were analyzed by percentage. KDV consist of Katu rasa (pungent) and Tikta rasa (bitter) in equal percentage as 33.33%. Peenasa is a Kapha Vata predominant disease and majority Rasa and Laghu guna (lightness) (35.29%) in the ingredients counteracts with the Kapha dosha which in turn help to manage Peenasa. Sukshma guna (fineness) is 2.94% which enhances the efficacy of the formula. Ushna virya (hot potency) is prominent (73.33%) which pacifies both Kapha and Vata dosha while Katu vipaka (pungent) (80.00%) pacifies Kapha dosha. The modern pharmacological actions such as antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, antimicrobial, immuno-modulatory, anti-allergy, anti-histaminic, analgesic, and anti-spasmodic properties are fruitful in the treatment of Peenasa. Considering Ayurveda pharmacodynamics and modern pharmacological actions of ingredients of KDV, it is concluded that conceptually Karanjadi dhuma varti is a potent remedy for all types of Peenasa.
Factors related to subjective health of older people over age 75 who only live with other older people in Japan
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Jayathilake, R.A.M.S.D.L.; Saito, T.; Narita, T.
The number of Japanese older people over age 75 years has been increasing. Subjective health is the self-reported evaluation of one‘s overall health status. In Japan trends towards nuclear families are increasing and the age of caregivers is also increasing. Therefore, finding new ways to promote older citizens‘ health is vital. This was a retrospective study. This study aimed to identify the factors related to subjective health of older people over age 75 years living only with other older people and to remedy that gap in previous research and to promote the health of older people in Japan. Data of 1500 older people were collected from the Niigata City Resident Basic Ledger. Data from them was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Ten subscales were in the questionnaire. Participants who responded "very healthy" or "fairly healthy" were included in the good subjective health group, and those who responded "not very healthy" or "not healthy" were included in the poor subjective health group. Five questions were asked related to Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL). The chi‐ squared test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the differences in subjective health. The number of valid responses was 1,102 (73.5%). Among them 778 (71.3%) of the respondents were fully healthy. Logistic regression analysis revealed the factors related to subjective health, as having a full IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) score (p = 0.003, OR = 1.81), full social role score (p = 0.003, OR = 1.65), not being socially isolated (p = 0.020, OR = 1.65), going out often (p = 0.009, OR = 1.75), and not being lonely (p < 0.001, OR = 2.65). The results suggest that age, IADL, how often respondents‘ left the house, social isolation, and loneliness as related factors to older peoples‘ subjective health. Maintaining IADL and social participation will allow them the opportunity to develop more interpersonal relationships, thereby improving their subjective health.
Clinically important variants in intra cranial arterial circulation as demonstrated in MR Angiogram studies in a tertiary care center in Sri Lanka
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Herath, D.A.; Pallewattte, A.S.
The cerebral arterial circulation demonstrates a range of clinically important variants which are frequently found in the general population. The aim of the study was to describe the frequency of cerebral arterial variants encountered in a tertiary care setting in Sri Lanka. A retrospective cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Neuroradiology at National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL), on images of patients who underwent non contrast 3D Time of Flight (TOF) MRA studies from 1st of January 2017 to 31st of January 2021, in a 3T Philips MR systems Ingenia machine. (TE/TR (ms) 23/3.5; Acquisition matrix M×P 320 x 246;) Systematic sampling was done to obtain a sample size of 392. Images were reviewed for anatomical configuration using maximum intensity projection (MIP) and 3D volume rendering. Anatomical variations were grouped as variations in Circle of Willis (COW) and variations in Carotid-basilar anastomosis and other variants. Ethical clearance was obtained by the Ethics Review Committee of NHSL. Sample consisted of 392 studies out of which 156 (39.79%) were of females and 256 (65.30%) were of males. Age ranged from 14 – 85 years. A variant in the intracranial arterial circulation were detected in 11.22% of patients (44/392). Most common variant was a hypoplastic or absent A1 segment of the Right Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) with an incidence of 3.57% (14/392). Variants were most common in the COW (8.92%) with variants in the anterior part of the COW (5.61%) being more common than in the posterior part (3.31%). Persistent Carotid-Basilar anastomosis were seen in 1.02% out of which 100% were persistent trigeminal arteries. Other variants in the anterior and posterior circulation accounted for 1.27% of cases. The intracranial arterial circulation demonstrates a range of variants which are important to be recognized due to its clinical implications, which would in turn aid in endovascular interventions.
A study of body composition and selected physical fitness components among female kabaddi and kho-kho players in Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Abesinghe, K.U.P.; Perera, D.S.L.; Hapuarachchi, H.A.C.S.
Kabaddi and Kho- Kho are contact team sports played between two teams of 7 players and 9 players respectively. The present study aimed to study the body composition and selected physical fitness components of female Kabaddi players and Kho-Kho players of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka. Under cross-sectional research design, a total of 50 (Kabaddi 35, Kho Kho 15) subjects were selected using the purposive population sampling technique. The sample‘s body composition was recorded by operating Multifrequency Tanita Body Composition Analyzer® (MC-780). Body compositions of total fat, muscle mass, fat-free mass, body mass index were recorded. EUROFIT® fitness test battery and standardised speed test were used for data gathering of selected physical fitness components of flexibility, agility, and speed. Sit and Reach, Shuttle Run 10m*5, and 35m sprint tests were performed. Minitab version 17 and Microsoft Excel 2013 were used for statistical analysis. According to the One-way ANOVA test the mean differences of selected body composition parameters and selected physical fitness components of the sample were significantly different (P=0.000). However, according to the two-sample t-test, there was no mean difference between the body composition among Kabaddi and Kho-Kho players (P=0.006). Moreover, the agility of both groups was significantly different (P=0.023) and, flexibility and speed were not significantly different among both groups. In a conclusion, it is evident that body compositions of fat, muscle mass, fat-free mass and body mass index were associated with selected physical fitness components of flexibility, agility, and speed of Kabaddi players and Kho-Kho players. However, only the agility physical fitness component was different in the sample groups. It is suggested to consider the body composition levels in order to gain a higher level of physical fitness among players of both sports.
Effect of prior participation in an event on triathlon performance of elite male triathletes in Sri Lanka
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Perera, M.K.K.; Weerarathne, L.R.N.D.
Triathlon is a late specialized endurance/transfer sport which consists of three individual events that are completed in a sequential order such as swimming (1.5km), cycling (40 km) and running (10 km). Based on the current practices and evidence in Sri Lanka, most of the elite triathletes may be a former marathoner, swimmer or cyclist. Therefore, there is a scarcity of young triathletes who begin triathlon at the grass root level due to its‘ less popularity. The prime aim of this study was to identify how physiological parameters and triathlon performance differ due to the effects of prior participation in an event. Twenty elite male triathletes (7 former swimmers, 7 former cyclists, 3 former marathoners & 3 pure triathletes) (age (25.6±2.68 years), weight (58.95±7.27 kg) and height (172.65±4.26 cm)) were randomly selected for this study. The Cooper 12 minutes test, running based anaerobic sprint test & BIA test were performed to identify the mean values of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max), peak power output (PPO) and body composition respectively. ANOVA analysis of data demonstrated that there was a significant impact of prior participation event on triathlon performance (p value – 0.002) & triathletes' VO2 max capacity (p value - 0.024) & except PPO, Fat Mass, Fat Free Mass & Muscle Mass (p value>0.05). According to Tukey‘s Pairwise comparison, it was shown that triathletes whose prior participation event was cycling, or swimming had a significant positive impact on triathlon performance. Furthermore, the triathletes whose prior involvement event was swimming & cycling had significantly higher VO2 max capacity than marathoners & pure triathletes of the sample. Within the confines of the study, it was revealed that, there was a significant positive impact of swimming and cycling as prior participation events on triathletes‘ maximum oxygen consumption and their performance.
Relationship between quadriceps muscle strength and postural balance in institutionalized elderly people in two selected elders' homes in Colombo District
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Perera, G.A.D.; Kandege, I.M.; Pramodhya, L.G.O.
The quadriceps muscle strength and the postural balance are two main clinical characteristics that deteriorate with the process of aging. The apparent evidence depicted the alters in the postural balance in the elders is rooted due to the changes in the quadriceps muscle strength. However, there is less knowledge about the role of the quadriceps muscle strength in the changes of postural balance among the elderly. In Sri Lanka, there were not enough studies carried out to determine the relationship between the quadriceps muscle strength and postural balance in elderly people. Our study was carried out to determine the relationship between quadriceps muscle strength and postural balance in older people in Salina Alwis elders‘ home and Sahana Udaya elders‘ home. A cross-sectional study was conducted under a non-probability convenient sampling method to collect the data. Sixty elders (34 females & 26 males) who dwelt in the two elders‘ homes participated in the study. Bilateral quadriceps muscle strength was measured using a modified sphygmomanometer test (MST) and postural balance was assessed by mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BEST).The mean age of the participants was 76.67 (SD ± 6.23) years old. The mean and standard deviations of right quadriceps muscle strength, left quadriceps muscle strength, and average quadriceps muscle strength were 149.90 (SD ± 28.53) mmHg, 137.63 (SD ± 24.35) mmHg, 143.83 (SD ± 25.68) mmHg respectively. The mean postural balance was 20.88 (SD ± 2.70). According to the Pearson correlation coefficient, there was positive linear relationship between quadriceps muscle strength and postural balance (p = 0.000, r = 0.815) among elderly people. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between quadriceps muscle strength and postural balance in the elderly people who participated in this study.
Effect of gender and physical activity on flexibility of the trunk and lower body among students of Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Rikas, A.M.M.; Ajmala, H.; Hana. M.H.F.; Herath, H.M.G.S.; Karunaratne, N.G.Y.W.; Senarath, M.K.I.D.; Banneheka, B.M.H.S.K.
Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for global mortality while the flexibility is a key factor for determining an individual‘s status of health. This study intended to discover the impact of gender and physical activity level on the flexibility of lumbar spine and lower extremities in set of students from the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences of University of Peradeniya. It further explored the correlation of flexibility of two different regions of body in individuals categorized in the same level of physical activity as well. In this cross-sectional study, the sample was chosen using stratified random sampling method. 35 students from each gender (n=70) were divided into three categories (low, moderate and high) based on their physical activity level evaluated using International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ). Modified Schober test was used to measure the flexibility of lumbar spine while Sit-and-Reach and Groin Flexibility tests were used to measure the flexibility of lower limbs. The study revealed that the males were more flexible in both lumbar spine (22.26) and lower limb (7.46) than that of females (21.4), (6.66) respectively. With regard to physical activity, it showed a weak positive correlation (r=0.236, p<0.05) with the flexibility of lower limbs but showed no correlation with the flexibility of lumbar spine (r = -0.179, p>0.05). It further revealed that the flexibility of lumbar spine and lower limbs had no correlation in between them in people who were either moderately or highly active, but in people categorized under low physical activity level, they had a strong positive correlation in between them. This study showed that, physical inactivity may reduce the flexibility irrespective of its specificity to each joint or area of the body. Thus, importance should be given clinically to alleviate physical inactivity in order to improve the general status of health.
Effectiveness of computed tomography scans for management of patients with chronic headache
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Nuwan, D.M.J.; Udupihille, J.J.K.H.; Marasinghe, J.C.
Chronic headache is one of the most common disorders experienced by patients and it is the most common symptom among the patients who are referred by the physicians for Computed Tomography (CT) scan of brain. This study was performed using CT head scan data and scan reports. Those data were related to the patients who had undergone CT brain scans during the period of January- 2015 to May- 2017. Socio demographic data, medical history and the final comments of CT scan given by radiologists were collected, recorded and analyzed. Dose Length product (DLP) values of the CT scans were also collected to calculate the effective dose to the patients.850 patients were selected out of 1577 and there were 8 patients (0.94%) who were positive for major malignant findings. 50 patients were positive (5.8%) for significant neurosurgical findings. 321 (37.76%) patients were positive for clinically non-significant findings and among those patients 296 (34.82%) patients were positive for sinusitis. There were 471 patients (55.41%) with no abnormality found in their CT scans. All positive scans except the sinusitis were considered as effective scans and there were only 83 (10%) effective scans and 767 (90%) non-effective scans. The average DLP of those CT scans was recorded as 1580.34 mGy cm and calculated average effective dose was 3.6 mSv. CT head scan imaging performed for the management of chronic headache patients was found to be clinically less significant for positive findings. The effectiveness of CT scans to manage chronic headache patients is very low and cost effectiveness of those scans is also lacking. Patients being exposed to high radiation doses can be limited by judicious requests for CT scans by establishing a local clinical practice guideline for decision making regarding the CT scan imaging.
Impact of hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio (HQR) on agility and sprint speed of under-17 male school cricket players in Kandy
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Malshani, G.W.W.; Chandradasa, W.N.S.D.; Dilrukshi, R.M.A.; Dissanayake, D.M.U.I.; Karandawela, J.M.; Lakmali, W.K.M.; Ariyasinghe, A.S.; Kariyawasam, A.P.
Hamstring and quadriceps muscles which maintain the dynamic stability of knee joint are important for the enhancement of agility and sprint speed; two main physical fitness characteristics which are important for the cricket players‘ performance. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio (HQR), hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength, player role and fielding position on agility and sprint speed of under 17 male school cricket players in Kandy. A cross sectional study comprising of 68 male school cricket players was selected through convenience sampling from 6 schools around Kandy city. Height, weight, BMI, muscle strengths of quadriceps and hamstring (handheld dynamometry), HQR, leg dominance (standard kick a ball test), agility (T drill agility test) and sprint speed (10-30 meter sprint test) were determined. Demographic data of medical history, playing role and position were obtained using a pre-tested questionnaire. Pearson correlation, two sample t-test and ANOVA test were used to assess the correlation between variables and significance. Data was analyzed using Minitab 17 statistical software. The mean age and BMI were 15.01±1.07 years and 18.1±1.84 respectively. Out of 68 cricketers, 52.9% were batsmen while 47.1% were bowlers. There was no significant impact of HQR of dominant leg on agility (p=0.903) and sprint speed (p=0.206) and HQR didn‘t vary with leg dominancy (p=0.353). There was a weak negative correlation only between quadriceps strength and sprint speed (p=0.025). Sprint speed varied with both playing role (p=0.005) and fielding position (p=0.043) while agility varied according to the playing role only (p=0.034). This study showed that HQR did not have an impact on the agility and sprint speed of the cricketers. Sprint time varied according to playing role, fielding position and quadriceps strength while agility varied according to playing role.
Effect of different types of commercially available dinner food on fasting blood glucose (FBS) level and triacylglycerol (TAG) level
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Bandara, K.M.N.S.; Bandara, M.R.P.U.; Bandara, P.T.S.; Bandara, R.M.M.A.; Bandara, S.B.Y.M.C.C.Y.; Bandara, W.M.Y.H.K.W.; Senadheera, S.P.A.S.
Fasting blood sugar (FBS) is the main parameter used for screening, diagnosis, management and monitoring of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, any factor that significantly affects the FBS will interfere with the diagnosis and management of diabetes. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of various types of commonly consumed Sri Lankan dinner food on FBS and TAG in healthy individuals. Cross-sectional experimental study was conducted with 10 healthy individuals, (age 22-26 years, BMI 18 – 23 kg/m2 , FBS < 110 mg/dl, TAG < 150 mg/dl), selected by simple random sampling. Ten participants for each food item were recruited according to standard GI study protocol. Four dinner food (portion size= 300 g) 1) rice and curry (838 kcal), 2) fried rice (932 kcal), 3) kottu (937 kcal) and 4) soup with bread (422 kcal) were provided for the dinner and after 8-10 hours fasting, FBS and TAG levels were measured on the next day morning using Glucose oxidase assay kit, and TAG colorimetric assay kit respectively. Presence of any significant difference in mean FBS and mean TAG relevant to the food types, at 95% CI were measured using ANOVA Tukey‘s posthoc test. Rice and curry meal showed significantly lower (p<0.05) mean FBS (65 mg/dL) compared to all other food. A significantly lower FBS value was obtained for rice and curry meal (p<0.005) compared to kottu and fried rice while there was no significant difference (p=0.666) between kottu and fried rice. TAG levels were not statistically significant among all meals. It can be concluded that rice and curry meal for dinner has the lowest effect on FBS while fried rice and kottu for dinner significantly increase the FBS level compared to soup meal and rice and curry meal. None of the tested meals for dinner significantly changed the fasting TAG.
Investigating perceptions regarding pharmaceutical care services among registered pharmacists in Central Province, Sri Lanka
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Rathnasiri, W.G.M.; Dilakshana, K.; Sakeena, M.H.F.
Pharmacy profession has witnessed a significant transition from preparation and dispensing of medications towards patient-centered care. Enhancing pharmaceutical care services is vital for achieving positive health benefits in patients. Hence the aim of this study was to assess the perceptions and perceived barriers of pharmaceutical care services among registered pharmacists in Central province, Sri Lanka. This was a cross- sectional study and the ethical approval was obtained prior to the data collection. Community and hospital pharmacists working in government or private sectors in the Central province, Sri Lanka were invited to participate in this study using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Out of the 217 registered pharmacists selected in the study, 136 pharmacists have completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 62.67%. Majority of the pharmacists (52%) were 30-39 years of age and most of them were female (60%). More than half of the participants (68%) had above 5 years‘ experience and 56% had higher educational qualifications. Majority of them (94%) had an overall, correct understanding of pharmaceutical care service concepts. Half of the participants had positive attitudes regarding pharmaceutical care services (50%) and majority (97.1%) responded job satisfaction while offering pharmaceutical care services. However, only a few respondents perceived that they carefully assess and obtain patient information (37.5%), formulate a patient-specific action plan (30.9%) and take a general approach to patient care (32.4%). Furthermore, participants reported four important perceived barriers for the implementation of pharmaceutical care practices, lack of time and skills, lack of external conditions, lack of full support from other health professionals and absence of information and economic incentive. In conclusion, findings of this study indicate that pharmacists in Sri Lanka barely practice pharmaceutical care as part of their routine work, although they have good understanding and positive attitudes towards providing pharmaceutical care services.
Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy for nonspecific chronic low back pain
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Senarath, M.K.I.D.; Dasanayaka, D.A.R.K.; Mayooran, S.; Senadheera, V.V.; Malwanage, V.M.B.K.T.; Prasanna, A.L.I.
Pain in the lumbo-sacral area, commonly known as the low back pain, has lately reached the epidemic proportions in its incidence. This common musculoskeletal disorder affects 70% - 85% of world population at some point in their lifetime. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is suggested as an effective method to relieve pain in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) and widely utilized, therapeutic outcomes of LLLT in NSCLBP are varied and conflicting. However, there is still lack of evidence regarding its effectiveness on functional outcomes. Therefore, this single blinded randomized controlled study was aimed to identify the effectiveness and therapeutic efficiency of LLLT in treating NSCLBP. In this current study, 58 participants (patients from nearby hospitals) were included as 32 in experimental (mean age = 47.75, SD = 12.81 years) and 26 in control (mean age = 48.15, SD =11.03 years) groups where they received LASER + Exercises (Arm 1) and Heat Therapy + Exercises (Arm 2) respectively for consecutive three weeks, two sessions per week. Assessments were conducted for pain and AROM (forward flexion, extension, right and left side-flexion of lower back) at the baseline and at the end of the intervention. The data were analyzed with the time; baseline, and end of intervention and between two groups using two-way repeated measure MANOVA with significance at 5% significant level with 95% CI. According to the analysis, it was found that there is no statistical significance between the groups except for back extension at baseline. There is a significant improvement (P ≤ .005) in all the variables in both the groups separately and experimental group have higher improvement than the control group. Therefore, it can conclude that the LLLT is an effective treatment modality for treating NSCLBP.
A study on knowledge and perception about antimicrobial stewardship programmes among Bachelor of Pharmacy students in Sri Lankan Universities
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Chathuranga, W.G.R.; Sakeena, M.H.F.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge. Inappropriate prescribing, dispensing and consumption promote the development and spread of AMR. Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is an important strategy to control the spread of AMR. Pharmacists are important members of the healthcare team and essential components of AMS programmes. Current study aimed to investigate knowledge and perception regarding antimicrobial resistance and AMS concepts among Pharmacy undergraduates in Sri Lanka. It was conducted in five universities in Sri Lanka that offer a Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) degree program. All 3ʳᵈ and 4ᵗʰ year B. Pharm students in each university were included. Ethics approval was obtained before the data collection. This study used a self-administered questionnaire with descriptive data analyses to explore associations between different variables and level of knowledge on AMR and AMS. Among the respondents, 51% felt familiar with the term AMR. Interestingly, no one reported that they never heard about AMR. On the other hand, more than half of the students (53%) reported that they were not familiar with the AMS concepts. Additionally, there were 17% of respondents who had not heard the term AMS. Nearly all of the participants (99%) have agreed with the statement that appropriate knowledge of antimicrobials is important for the future career of pharmacists. A significant percentage of respondents (87%) reported that more training on AMS is essential. In conclusion, the study found that the knowledge and perception regarding AMS concepts were much lower (<30%) among the participants. Furthermore, participants reported that they prefer more academic training on AMR and AMS. Therefore, this study suggests that new interventional strategies are essential to improve teaching on the principles of AMS to enhance the knowledge and awareness among B. Pharm students in Sri Lanka.
Job satisfaction among physiotherapists in Sri Lanka
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Cinthuja, P.
Employee‘s performance and productivity is higher when they are satisfied with their job. Job satisfaction among physiotherapy professionals was not studied yet in Sri Lanka. This study was aimed to study job satisfaction among physiotherapists in Sri Lanka, and factors that influence their job satisfaction. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted online using self-administrative 31 item job satisfaction questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted among randomly selected physiotherapists from different sectors to check the validity of the questionnaire. A Likert scale was used to measure the responses. The questionnaire was converted to ''Google form'' format and sent to participants via emails and messenger. Participants from different settings and districts in the island were recruited. Convenient sampling method was used. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS software. Eighty-eight physiotherapists (age range was 25- 30 years (48%) and male (52.3%), 1-10 years of experience (70%)) participated. The majority of the participants were from government (77%) sector. The percentage of participants from private and other sectors were 11% and 12% respectively. Only 8% of participants had postgraduate qualifications. Different criteria of satisfaction level were analyzed. Out of those, 43% were satisfied for overall satisfaction, 25% for adequate resource, 41% for job description accuracy, and 43% for defined performance criteria, 40% for recognition of service, 26% for salary, 24% for career development opportunities and 15% for research opportunities. Interpersonal relationship and working condition were identified by the participants (15%) as most important factors for their job satisfaction. The results suggest that physiotherapists‘ satisfaction rate on selected job satisfaction criteria is very less. Also, it indicates that many physiotherapists do not have their post graduate qualification, opportunities for their career development and research.
Evaluation of food safety knowledge and perceptions of school children in Colombo, Sri Lanka: implications for food safety education
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Wanniarachchi, P.C.; Abeysundara, P.D.A.; Peiris, K.G.H.S.
Thorough knowledge on food safety among school children can make them more confident when facing food safety related risks. The present study focuses on evaluating food safety knowledge and perception of school children, identifying gaps in knowledge on food safety related aspects and recognizing key parties that should take responsibility in their food safety education. A cross sectional study was carried out using 14-16 years old students (n =380) in selected schools in Colombo Education Zone using a self- administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson-correlation, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed at 0.05 level of significance. Food safety knowledge and perception of students were evaluated separately. The mean food safety knowledge score of students was 59.94 ± 0.83 where male students showing higher median score than female students. The mean food safety perception score was 84.33 ± 0.44 with no significant difference between male and female cohorts. The food safety perception score increased with the food safety knowledge score of the students. Lack of knowledge on the importance of proper temperature control on microbial safety of foods (41.2%) was evident. Parents, teachers and doctors were identified as the three major parties disseminating food safety education to students. Vast majority of students (92.4%) believed that their food safety knowledge could be further improved through proper education. In conclusion, this study indicates that school children of 14-16 year age category has an average knowledge on food safety and excellent positive food safety attitude. However, their knowledge needs to be enhanced on importance of correct temperature control during food processing and storage. Finally, the strong willingness of students to learn more on food safety leaves a positive insight on future educational attempts.
Microbiological quality of street vended ready-to-eat foods in Gangodawila, Nugegoda area
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Dharmarathne, G.G.N.T.; Abeysundara, P.D.A.
Street foods are very popular among people, mainly the tenants and borders who live in Gangodawila, Nugegoda area, due to the low price and convenience. However, the microbiological quality of these street foods is questionable because of seemingly poor adherence to good manufacturing practices by street food vendors. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the microbial quality of five popular ready-to- eat (RTE) street food types sold in Wijerama junction area, Gangodawila, Nugegoda. Total of 19 food samples (5-fruit juice, 4-wade, 4-Dosai, 3-fruit salad and 3-string hopper) were tested for total plate count (TPC), total yeast and mold count (TYMC), total coliform count (TCC), presence of fecal coliform, E.coli, and Staphylococcus aureus using the standard microbiological procedures. TPC and TYMC values in all the samples varied between 3.4 – 6.3 log CFU/ml and 3.8 – 6.4 log CFU/ml, respectively while the highest TPC (6.3 log CFU/ml) and TYMC (6.4 log CFU/ml) values were detected in fruit salad and Dosai samples, respectively. Seven food samples (36.8%) were recorded having TCC higher than 10 MPN/ml. Of the samples tested, 84.2%, 47.4%, and 33.3% were found positive for fecal coliform, E.coli, and S.aureus, respectively. The results showed that the street vended foods in Gangodawila, Nugegoda area are of poor microbial quality. Moreover, the presence of fecal coliform, E.coli, and S. aureus indicated that fecal contamination and inappropriate handling of these foods during processing and vending. Therefore, there is an emerging need for imposing monitoring measures to improve the microbial quality of street foods sold in this area by the relevant authorities.
Incidence of occupational pesticide poisoning symptoms among farmers in Naula Divisional Secretariat Area, Sri Lanka
(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2021-11-11) Fernando, H.S.; Kumarasiri, P.V.R.; Dharmarathne, S.; Sivakanesan, R.; Nugaliyadde, L.; Wijethunga, W.M.R.R.
The use of agrochemicals particularly pesticides, has been increasing for the last few decades. Parallel to this increment, the risk of occupational pesticide poisoning (PP) has also been increased. According to the recent statistical data, there is an increased morbidity due to occupational PP. This descriptive cross sectional study was designed to assess the incidence of occupational pesticide poisoning symptoms among farming community. Total of 2303 participants were chosen from Naula divisional secretariat area, Sri Lanka, based on criteria checklist. The participants were subjected to a survey on monthly basis over a period of six months to identify the sociodemographic differences and the symptoms associated with occupational PP which manifested within 24 hours of pesticide application. Statistical analysis was done using the software IBM SPSS 16th version. The adjusted incidence rate for symptoms of occupational PP was 64.6% for six months study period. The cumulative number of reported symptoms associated with occupational pesticide poisoning was 13047 during the six months period.The commonest reported symptom (19%) was severe headache. In addition, vertigo and faintishness (16%), and burning sensation and irritation of skin (11%) were the other common reported symptoms whereas, shivering (0.6%) and chills (0.3%) were the least common symptoms. The ethnicity other than Sinhalese (p <0.001), use of Trellis for farming (p <0.001), more than 200 working hours per month (p = 0.02), more than 0.5 acres extent of land area spraying at a time (p = 0.03) and spraying session of more than 2 hours of duration (p <0.001) showed statistically significant association with symptoms of occupational pesticide poisoning. More studies are required to test the methods of reducing the level of occupational pesticide exposure.

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